Among contemporary electrical devices, transformers at times go unrecognised. Without them, the energy we rely on every day would not make it to our homes, businesses, or industries in usable condition.
In recent years, their importance has skyrocketed. With the rise of renewable energy sources like wind and solar, transformers have become key in integrating this energy into our power grids. They help ensure that the electricity generated from diverse sources can be efficiently distributed, even as demand grows with urbanisation, electric vehicles, and smart devices.
Transformers have also evolved to be more efficient and environmentally friendly.
A dry type transformer is a type of transformer that uses air instead of oil for cooling, making it safer and more environmentally friendly. It’s ideal for indoor applications where fire safety and minimal maintenance are key concerns. This blog gives you a brief overview of what dry transformers are, their advantages and disadvantages including the significant functionalities.
What is a Dry Transformer?
A dry transformer is a type of electrical transformer that uses air instead of liquid, like oil, for cooling. Unlike traditional oil-filled transformers, it doesn’t require any kind of liquid insulation, making it a safer option, especially in indoor settings or places where fire risks are a concern.
These transformers use high-quality insulating systems and natural ventilation to disperse heat, resulting in smooth operation. They are frequently utilised in schools, hospitals, commercial buildings, and industrial facilities where low maintenance and safety are critical. Furthermore, dry transformers are more ecologically beneficial since they prevent the possibility of oil leaks and pollution, which aligns with current sustainability initiatives.
There are two types that stand out.
Cast Resin Transformers
Cast resin transformers are one of the most popular types of dry transformers. The windings are encased in epoxy resin, providing excellent protection from moisture and other environmental factors. These transformers are highly reliable and are often used in harsh industrial environments.
Vacuum Pressure Impregnated (VPI) Transformers
Vacuum Pressure Impregnated transformers use a vacuum to impregnate the winding with insulating varnish. This provides a good level of protection against environmental conditions and improves the transformer’s durability and longevity. VPI transformers are commonly used in applications that require low noise levels and minimal environmental impact.
Know the difference between Dry-type and Oil Type Transformer
Key Advantages of Dry Transformers
Dry type transformers come with several key advantages that make them a preferred choice for specific applications:
1. Safety
One of the most notable advantages of dry type transformers is their higher safety rating. They do not require oil to cool, thus there is no possibility of oil leakage, spillage, or fire concerns connected with flammable liquids. This makes them perfect for interior use, particularly in environments such as hospitals, schools, and business buildings where safety is paramount.
2. Environmentally Friendly
Dry type transformers are environmentally beneficial by design. Without the usage of oil, there is no possibility of environmental pollution from spills or leaks. Furthermore, the lack of oil simplifies and reduces the risk of transformer disposal and recycling at the end of its lifespan.
3. Low Maintenance
Dry type transformers require less maintenance than oil-filled transformers since they do not use liquid insulation. There is no need to frequently check oil levels, test for impurities, or deal with oil leaks. As a result, they frequently provide cheaper long-term operational expenses.
4. Long Lifespan
Dry type transformers are known for their durability and longevity. With no risk of oil degradation over time, and with robust insulation systems in place, they can last for decades with minimal maintenance, making them a reliable long-term investment.
5. Better Performance in Harsh Environments
The cast resin models, in particular, work well in environments with high amounts of dust, dampness, or corrosive substances. Because the windings are encased in resin, these transformers can withstand more harsh conditions without sacrificing performance.
Disadvantages of Dry Transformers
Higher Cost for Large Capacities
Dry transformers may be more expensive than oil-filled transformers, especially when dealing with big capacity. Dry transformers are more expensive due to the materials and manufacturing procedures used.
Sensitivity to Harsh Weather Conditions
Dry transformers may be used outside, although they are more susceptible to adverse weather conditions. To avoid damage in places with high humidity or salt air, they need further protection.
Noise Levels
While some types of dry transformers are designed to minimise noise, others can generate a noticeable hum, particularly under heavy load. This can be an issue in applications where noise reduction is essential.
Applications of Dry Transformers
Dry transformers are widely used in industrial, commercial, and residential settings. Their fire-resistant and environmentally friendly design makes them perfect for indoor installations, such as in hospitals, office buildings, and shopping malls. They are also commonly used in renewable energy projects, such as wind and solar power installations, where environmental concerns are paramount.
Industrial Sector
In industries such as manufacturing, dry transformers provide a dependable and low-maintenance power distribution option. Their capacity to carry hefty weights makes them suitable for handling massive machines.
Renewable Energy
Dry transformers are becoming more common in wind farms and solar power plants as renewable energy projects expand. Their ecologically friendly design complements the ideals of sustainability and green energy.
Commercial Buildings
Dry type transformers are often used in commercial buildings such as office towers, shopping malls, and residential complexes. Their low fire risk and minimal maintenance requirements make them ideal for indoor installations.
Hospitals and Schools
In settings where safety is paramount, such as hospitals and schools, dry type transformers are a preferred option due to their flame-retardant properties and ability to perform efficiently in confined spaces.
Industrial Plants
Certain industrial facilities benefit from dry type transformers, particularly in areas where oil-filled transformers may pose a hazard or in environments with high levels of moisture, dust, or chemicals.
Performance Factors of Dry Transformers
Efficiency
Dry transformers are designed to be highly efficient, especially at lower capacities. This efficiency is crucial for minimising energy loss and reducing operational costs.
Load Handling Capacity
These transformers can withstand heavy loads while maintaining steady voltage levels, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, from minor home demands to huge industrial activities.
Heat Dissipation
Heat control is critical in any transformer. Dry transformers cool using natural air convection or pushed air, which helps to minimise overheating and ensures long-term durability.
Insulation Class
The insulating system is critical to the operation of a dry type transformer. Look for models with high-quality insulating materials, such as epoxy glue or varnish, to ensure dependability and lifespan.
Load Capacity
Determine the maximum load capacity your system requires. Dry type transformers are best suited for medium to low-voltage applications, and for higher voltage or larger power requirements, oil-filled transformers may be more efficient.
Cooling System
While dry-type transformers use air to cool, some types may include fans or other cooling devices to assist heat dissipation. In high-temperature situations, extra cooling can improve performance and extend transformer life.
Conclusion
In today’s energy landscape, dry type transformers stand out as a reliable, safe, and environmentally friendly solution for a wide range of applications. Their advantages in safety, reduced maintenance, and sustainability make them a smart choice for modern electrical systems. While they may come with a higher initial cost, the long-term benefits often outweigh the upfront investment.
If you’re considering a dry type transformer for your project, brands like Universal Power Transformer (UPT) offer high-quality, durable products designed to meet the specific needs of various industries. With a focus on performance, safety, and sustainability, UPT’s dry transformers are a reliable choice for powering the future.
